Blepharitis

Blepharitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the eyelids

Blepharitis is a common condition that causes inflammation of the eyelids, usually in the area where the eyelashes grow. This can lead to discomfort, blurred vision, or watery eyes.

Blepharitis is generally not a serious condition, but it can be chronic and difficult to treat if the correct measures are not taken. In more serious cases, sores can form, eyelashes may fall out, eyelids can become deformed, the infection can spread to the cornea, and there can be excessive tearing.

Blepharitis can cause styes, chalazion, and problems with the tear film.

Symptoms

  • Red and swollen eyelids
  • Rashes around the eyelashes
  • Itching
  • Burning sensation on the eyelids
  • Thick discharge or pus coming from the eye
  • Dry eyes
  • Blurred vision
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Gritty sensation or feeling like there is a foreign body in the eye

Risk Factors

  • Bacterial infection: bacteria on the skin of the eyelids are a primary cause of blepharitis
  • Allergies: allergic reactions to pollen, dust, makeup, or cosmetics can cause inflammation
  • Age: blepharitis is common in older adults due to dry eyes
  • Improper eyelid cleaning: accumulation of dirt, as well as not removing makeup, increases the risk of blepharitis
  • Skin conditions: Such as eczema, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, acne
  • Dry eye

Diagnosis

Blepharitis is diagnosed through a thorough eye examination by an ophthalmologist, using a special lamp (biomicroscope). If necessary, additional tests for tear film stability and meibomian gland function are performed. Early and accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment and long-term control of the condition.

Treatment

Blepharitis is an inflammatory condition of the eyelids, which in most cases is chronic. Treatment and prevention include proper cleaning of the eyelids and face. Warm compresses can be applied to soften the dried secretions, and single-use wipes can be used to maintain eyelid hygiene. This can be combined with antibiotic ointments, if necessary.

Inflammatory eyelid conditions such as blepharitis and chalazion respond well to light therapy with IPL/LLLT. The procedure is quick and painless and provides immediate relief. Treatment is applied using a mask placed over the face that emits red light. It lasts 15 minutes with closed eyes. Several sessions may be needed to achieve the full effect.

Prevention

  • Clean eyelids and eyelashes regularly
  • Moisturize eyes with preservative-free artificial tears: dry eyes increase the risk of inflammation
  • Limit exposure to things you are allergic to: cosmetics, pollen, etc.
  • Thoroughly remove eye makeup before bed: makeup residues clog pores and glands
  • Do not rub your eyes: you might injure them and that can lead to an infection

Frequently Asked Questions

Causes can include bacteria (e.g., staphylococci), skin conditions like rosacea or seborrhea, blockage of the meibomian glands, and even the presence of parasites like Demodex.

No, blepharitis is not considered contagious, but it can worsen with poor hygiene or co-existing skin conditions.

In rare cases, if left untreated, chronic blepharitis can lead to complications such as chronic dry eye, corneal ulcers, or changes in eyelash growth. Regular treatment prevents such problems.