Pterygium

A pterygium is a growth of conjunctival tissue onto the cornea. It usually appears on the inner side of the eye, near the nose

Symptoms
Risk factors
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

Normally, the eye is clear, but with a pterygium, a noticeable growth appears on the white part of the eye, potentially extending onto the clear cornea.

Often, a pterygium is referred to as “surfer’s eye” or “farmer’s eye.” It can remain a small growth or enlarge to such an extent that it affects vision.
The condition is more common in men and people over 40 years of age, as well as in individuals frequently exposed to strong UV light.

Symptoms

There may be no symptoms with a small growth, but as it develops, one of the following symptoms may be noticed:

Sensation of a foreign body or discomfort in the eye.
Blurred or distorted vision if the growth increases and affects the pupil.
Sensitivity to light.
Redness and inflammation of the eye.
Appearance of a yellowish or pale pink spot on the sclera (the white part of the eye).
Irritation and redness.
Tearing.
Itching.

Risk Factors

Heredity.
Excessive exposure to sunlight.
Dusty environment.
More common in men.

Diagnosis

Evaluation of the anterior eye segment.
Refractometer, which measures how light refracts in the eye.

Treatment

In the initial stages, artificial tears and anti-inflammatory eye drops may be used. When the pterygium increases in size, it can cause vision impairment. In such cases, surgical removal is necessary.

Prevention

Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from ultraviolet light.
Protect your eyes from dust by wearing protective eyewear.
Use artificial tears to moisturize your eyes.

Frequently Asked Questions

The main risk factor for pterygium development is exposure to sun and dry air, which is why people who work outdoors are most affected.
Use sunglasses.
Moisturize eyes with artificial tears.